Isilawuli sesithuthuthu sikagesi
1. Yini isilawuli?
● Isilawuli semoto kagesi iyithuluzi lokulawula eliyinhloko elisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuqala, ukusebenza, ukuqhubekela phambili nokuhlehla, isivinini, ukuma kwemoto kagesi nezinye izinto zikagesi zemoto kagesi.Kufana nobuchopho bemoto kagesi futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemoto kagesi.Kalula nje, ishayela injini bese ishintsha i-motor drive yamanje ngaphansi kokulawula kwesibambo ukuze kuzuzwe isivinini semoto.
● Izimoto zikagesi ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa amabhayisikili kagesi, izithuthuthu zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili, izimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amathathu, izithuthuthu zikagesi ezinamasondo amathathu, izimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amane, izimoto zamabhethri, njll. Izilawuli zezimoto zikagesi nazo zinokusebenza nezici ezihlukene ngenxa yamamodeli ahlukene. .
● Izilawuli zezimoto zikagesi zihlukaniswe: izilawuli ezibhulashwa (okungavamile ukusetshenziswa) nezilawuli ezingenamabhulashi (ezivamise ukusetshenziswa).
● Izilawuli ze-brushless ezivamile ziphinde zihlukaniswe zibe: izilawuli zamagagasi ayisikwele, izilawuli ze-sine wave, nezilawuli ze-vector.
Isilawuli se-Sine wave, isilawuli segagasi lesikwele, isilawuli se-vector, konke kubhekisela emugqeni wamanje.
● Ngokuvumelana nokuxhumana, ihlukaniswe yaba isilawuli esihlakaniphile (esishintshekayo, esivame ukulungiswa nge-Bluetooth) kanye nesilawuli esivamile (esingalungiseki, isethi yasefekthri, ngaphandle uma kuyibhokisi lesilawuli sebhulashi)
● Umehluko phakathi kwe-brushed motor kanye ne-brushless motor: I-brushed motor yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi yi-DC motor, futhi i-rotor yayo ifakwe amabhulashi e-carbon namabhulashi njengento ephakathi.Lawa mabhulashi ekhabhoni asetshenziselwa ukunikeza i-rotor yamanje, ngaleyo ndlela avuse amandla kazibuthe we-rotor futhi aqhube imoto ukuthi ijikeleze.Ngokuphambene, amamotho angama-brushless awadingi ukusebenzisa amabhulashi ekhabhoni, futhi asebenzise izibuthe ezihlala njalo (noma ama-electromagnets) kurotha ukuze anikeze amandla kazibuthe.Isilawuli sangaphandle silawula ukusebenza kwenjini ngokusebenzisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.
Isilawuli segagasi lesikwele
Isilawuli se-Sine wave
Isilawuli seVector
2. Umehluko Phakathi Kwabalawuli
| Iphrojekthi | Isilawuli segagasi lesikwele | Isilawuli se-Sine wave | Isilawuli se-Vector |
| Inani | Kushibhile | Maphakathi | Ibiza kakhulu |
| Lawula | Ilula, ilukhuni | Okuhle, okuqondile | Inembile, iqondile |
| Umsindo | Omunye umsindo | Phansi | Phansi |
| Ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle, i-torque | Okuphansi, kubi kakhulu, ukushintshashintsha kwetorque enkulu, ukusebenza kahle kwezimoto akukwazi ukufinyelela inani eliphakeme | Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, okuncane kwetorque, ukusebenza kahle kwezimoto akukwazi ukufinyelela inani eliphakeme | Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, okuncane kwetorque, ukusabela okuguquguqukayo kwesivinini esikhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwemoto akukwazi ukufinyelela inani eliphakeme |
| Isicelo | Isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ukusebenza kwe-motor rotation ingekho phezulu | Ibanga elibanzi | Ibanga elibanzi |
Ukuze uthole isilawuli sokunemba okuphezulu nesivinini sokuphendula, ungakhetha isilawuli se-vector.Ngezindleko eziphansi nokusetshenziswa okulula, ungakhetha isilawuli se-sine wave.
Kodwa awukho umthethonqubo wokuthi yikuphi okungcono, isilawuli segagasi lesikwele, isilawuli se-sine wave noma isilawuli se-vector.Ngokuyinhloko kuncike ezidingweni zangempela zekhasimende noma ikhasimende.
● Izicaciso zesilawuli:imodeli, i-voltage, i-undervoltage, i-throttle, i-engeli, umkhawulo wamanje, izinga lamabhuleki, njll.
● Imodeli:eqanjwe umkhiqizi, ngokuvamile eqanjwe ngezicaciso zesilawuli.
● Amandla kagesi:Inani le-voltage yesilawuli, ku-V, ngokuvamile i-voltage eyodwa, okungukuthi, efanayo ne-voltage yemoto yonke, kanye ne-dual voltage, okungukuthi, 48v-60v, 60v-72v.
● I-Undervoltage:futhi ibhekisela enanini eliphansi lokuvikela i-voltage, okungukuthi, ngemva kokungena kwamandla kagesi, isilawuli sizongena ekuvikelweni kwe-undervoltage.Ukuze kuvikelwe ibhethri ekuchithweni kakhulu, imoto izocishwa.
● I-Throttle voltage:Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-throttle line ukuxhumana nesibambo.Ngokufaka isignali ye-throttle line, isilawuli semoto kagesi singakwazi ukwazi ulwazi lokusheshisa imoto kagesi noma ukubhuleka, ukuze ulawule isivinini nokuqondisa kokushayela kwemoto kagesi;ngokuvamile phakathi kwe-1.1V-5V.
● I-engeli yokusebenza:ngokuvamile 60 ° kanye 120 °, i-engeli yokuzungeza iyahambisana injini.
● Umkhawulo wamanje:isho umkhawulo wamanje ovunyelwe ukudlula.Uma umsinga mkhulu, ijubane liyashesha.Ngemva kokweqa inani lamanje lomkhawulo, imoto izocishwa.
● Umsebenzi:Umsebenzi ohambisanayo uzobhalwa.
3. Iphrothokholi
Iphrothokholi yokuxhumana yesilawuli iyiphrothokholi esetshenziselwabona ukushintshana kwedatha phakathi kwabalawuli noma phakathi kwezilawuli ne-PC.Inhloso yawo wukuqaphelaukwabelana ngolwazi nokusebenzisanakumasistimu okulawula ahlukene.Izimiso ezivamile zokuxhumana zesilawuli zihlanganisaI-Modbus, CAN, Profibus, Ethernet, DeviceNet, HART, AS-i, njll.Iphrothokholi yokuxhumana yesilawuli ngayinye inemodi yayo yokuxhumana ethize kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana.
Izindlela zokuxhumana zephrothokholi yokuxhumana yesilawuli zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:ukuxhumana kwephuzu nephuzu kanye nokuxhumana ngebhasi.
● Ukuxhumana kwephuzu nephuzu kubhekisela ekuxhumaneni okuqondile phakathiama-node amabili.Indawo ngayinye inekheli eliyingqayizivele, njengeI-RS232 (endala), RS422 (endala), RS485 (evamile) ukuxhumana komugqa owodwa, njll.
● Ukuxhumana ngebhasi kubhekise kuama-node amaningiukuxhumana ngokusebenzisaibhasi efanayo.Inodi ngayinye ingashicilela noma yamukele idatha ebhasini, njenge-CAN, Ethernet, Profibus, DeviceNet, njll.
Njengamanje, esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi elula iyonaIphrothokholi yomugqa owodwa, kulandele i485 protocol, kanyeIngakwazi inquboayivamisile ukusetshenziswa (ubunzima bokufanisa kanye nezinsiza ezengeziwe zidinga ukushintshwa (ezivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni)).Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu futhi olula uwukubuyisela ulwazi olufanele lwebhethri ensimbini ukuze luboniswe, futhi ungakwazi ukubuka ulwazi olufanele lwebhethri nemoto ngokusungula i-APP;njengoba ibhethri le-lead-acid lingenalo ibhodi lokuvikela, amabhethri e-lithium kuphela (anephrothokholi efanayo) angasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa.
Uma ufuna ukufanisa iphrothokholi yokuxhumana, ikhasimende lidinga ukukuhlinzekaukucaciswa kwephrothokholi, ukucaciswa kwebhethri, ibhizinisi lebhethri, njll.uma ufuna ukufanisa nezinyeamadivaysi okulawula aphakathi, futhi udinga ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane nezinhlangano.
Isilawuli-Ibhethri-Ibhethri
● Qaphela ukulawula ukuxhuma
Ukuxhumana kusilawuli kungabona ukulawula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene.
Isibonelo, uma idivayisi ekulayini wokukhiqiza ingajwayelekile, ulwazi lungadluliselwa kusilawuli ngohlelo lokuxhumana, futhi isilawuli sizokhipha imiyalelo kwamanye amadivaysi ngohlelo lokuxhumana ukuwavumela ukuthi alungise ngokuzenzakalelayo isimo sawo sokusebenza, ukuze yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ingahlala isebenza okuvamile.
● Bona ukwabelana ngedatha
Ukuxhumana kusilawuli kungabona ukwabelana kwedatha phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene.
Isibonelo, idatha ehlukahlukene ekhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, njengezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ingcindezi, i-current, voltage, njll., ingaqoqwa futhi idluliselwe ngohlelo lokuxhumana kusilawuli ukuze kuhlaziywe idatha kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela.
● Thuthukisa ubuhlakani bemishini
Ukuxhumana kusilawuli kungathuthukisa ubuhlakani bemishini.
Isibonelo, ohlelweni lwezokuthutha, isistimu yezokuxhumana ingakwazi ukubona ukusebenza okuzimele kwezimoto ezingenamuntu futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kokusatshalaliswa kwempahla.
● Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi
Ukuxhumana kusilawuli kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi.
Isibonelo, isistimu yezokuxhumana ingaqoqa futhi idlulisele idatha kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, ibone ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nempendulo, futhi yenze izinguquko ezifika ngesikhathi nokulungiselelwa, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nekhwalithi.
4. Isibonelo
● Ivamise ukuvezwa ngama-volts, amashubhu, kanye nomkhawulo wamanje.Isibonelo: 72v12 amashubhu 30A.Kuphinde kuvezwe ngamandla alinganiselwe ku-W.
● I-72V, okungukuthi, i-voltage engu-72v, ehambisana ne-voltage yemoto yonke.
● amashubhu angu-12, okusho ukuthi kunamashubhu e-MOS angu-12 (izingxenye zikagesi) ngaphakathi.Amashubhu amaningi, amandla amakhulu.
● 30A, okusho umkhawulo wamanje 30A.
● Amandla W: 350W/500W/800W/1000W/1500W, njll.
● Ezivamile amashubhu angu-6, amashubhu angu-9, amashubhu angu-12, amashubhu angu-15, amashubhu angu-18, njll. Uma amashubhu e-MOS eningi, kulapho okukhiphayo kukhulu.Amandla amakhulu, amandla amakhulu, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyashesha
● 6 amashubhu, ngokuvamile anomkhawulo ku-16A~19A, amandla 250W~400W
● Amashubhu amakhulu angu-6, ngokuvamile akhawulelwe ku-22A~23A, amandla angu-450W
● 9 amashubhu, ngokuvamile akhawulelwe ku-23A~28A, amandla 450W~500W
● 12 amashubhu, ngokuvamile akhawulelwe ku-30A~35A, amandla 500W~650W~800W~1000W
● amashubhu angu-15, amashubhu angu-18 ngokuvamile akhawulelwe ku-35A-40A-45A, amandla 800W~1000W~1500W
I-tube ye-MOS
Kunamapulagi amathathu avamile ngemuva kwesilawuli, i-8P eyodwa, i-6P eyodwa, ne-16P eyodwa.Amapulaki ahambisana nomunye, futhi i-1P ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo (ngaphandle uma ingenayo).Izigxobo ezisele ezinhle nezimbi kanye nezintambo zezigaba ezintathu zenjini (imibala ihambelana nomunye nomunye)
5. Izinto Ezithinta Ukusebenza Kwesilawuli
Kunezinhlobo ezine zezinto ezithinta ukusebenza kwesilawuli:
5.1 Ishubhu yamandla yesilawuli yonakele.Ngokuvamile, kunamathuba amaningana:
● Ibangelwa ukulimala kwemoto noma ukugcwala kwemoto.
● Ibangelwa izinga eliphansi leshubhu lamandla ngokwalo noma izinga lokukhetha elinganele.
● Ibangelwa ukufakwa okuxekethile noma ukudlidliza.
● Ibangelwa ukulimala kwesekethe yedrayivu yeshubhu yamandla noma umklamo wepharamitha ongenangqondo.
Idizayini yesekethe yedrayivu kufanele ithuthukiswe futhi kukhethwe amadivaysi amandla afanayo.
5.2 Isekhethi yokuphakelwa kwamandla yangaphakathi yesilawuli yonakalisiwe.Ngokuvamile, kunamathuba amaningana:
● Isekhethi yangaphakathi yesilawuli inomjikelezo omfushane.
● Izingxenye zokulawula ze-peripheral zifushane.
● Imikhondo yangaphandle ifushane.
Kulesi simo, ukuhlelwa kwesekethe yokunikezela amandla kufanele kuthuthukiswe, futhi isifunda sokuphakela amandla esihlukile kufanele siklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa indawo yokusebenza yamanje ephezulu.Intambo yomthofu ngayinye kufanele ivikeleke ngesiyingi esifushane futhi imiyalelo yokufaka izintambo kufanele inamathiselwe.
5.3 Isilawuli sisebenza ngezikhathi ezithile.Ngokuvamile kunama mathuba alandelayo:
● Amapharamitha wedivayisi akhukhuleka ezindaweni zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma eliphansi.
● Idizayini iyonke ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesilawuli kukhulu, okubangela izinga lokushisa lasendaweni lamanye amadivayisi ukuthi libe phezulu kakhulu futhi idivayisi ngokwayo ingena esimweni sokuvikela.
● Ukungaxhumani kahle.
Uma lesi simo senzeka, izakhi ezinokumelana nezinga lokushisa okufanele kufanele zikhethwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwesilawuli nokulawula ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.
5.4 Ilayini yokuxhuma isilawuli isikhulile futhi igugile, futhi isixhumi asixhumene kahle noma siyawa, okubangela ukuthi isignali yokulawula ilahleke.Ngokuvamile, kunalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
● Ukukhetha ucingo akunangqondo.
● Ukuvikelwa kocingo akuphelele.
● Ukukhethwa kwezixhumi akukuhle, futhi ukucwiliswa kwezintambo zocingo nesixhumi akuqinile.Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezintambo zocingo nesixhumi, naphakathi kwezixhumi kufanele kuthembeke, futhi kufanele kumelane nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, lingangeni manzi, ukushaqeka, i-oxidation, nokuguga.
