Amabhethri e-lead-acid namabhethri e-Lithium
1. Amabhethri e-lead-acid
1.1 Yini Amabhethri e-lead-acid?
● Ibhethri le-asidi yomthofu ibhethri eligcina ama-electrode enziwe ngalo kakhuluukuholafuthi yayoama-oxide, futhi i-electrolyte kabaniisisombululo se-sulfuric acid.
● I-voltage yegama yebhethri le-asidi yeseli elilodwa iwukuba2.0V, engashajwa ibe ngu-1.5V futhi ishajelwe ku-2.4V.
● Ezicelweni,6 iseli elilodwaamabhethri e-lead-acid avame ukuxhunywa ochungechungeni ukuze akhe igama12Vibhethri le-lead-acid.
1.2 Isakhiwo Sebhethri le-asidi yomthofu
● Esimeni sokukhishwa kwamabhethri e-lead-asidi, ingxenye eyinhloko ye-electrode ephozithivu iwukuba i-lead dioxide, futhi ukugeleza kwamanje kusuka ku-electrode ephozithivu kuya ku-electrode eyinegethivu, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko ye-electrode engeyinhle iwumthofu.
● Esimeni sokushajwa kwamabhethri e-lead-asidi, izingxenye eziyinhloko zama-electrode e-positive kanye ne-negative i-lead sulfate, futhi yamanje igeleza isuka ku-electrode ephozithivu iye ku-electrode engeyinhle.
●Amabhethri e-graphene: izithasiselo ze-graphene conductivezengezwa ezintweni ezinhle nezingezinhle zama-electrode,i-graphene composite electrode materialszengezwe ku-electrode enhle, futhiizendlalelo ezisebenzayo ze-graphenezengezwe ezingqimbeni conductive.
1.3 Imele ini imininingwane esesitifiketini?
●6-DZF-20:6 kusho ukuthi kukhona6 amagridi, igridi ngayinye ine-voltage ye2V, futhi i-voltage exhunywe ochungechungeni ingu-12V, futhi i-20 isho ukuthi ibhethri inomthamo we20AH.
● D (kagesi), Z (okusizwa amandla), F (ibhethri elingenakulungiswa elilawulwa ngamavalvu).
●I-DZM:D (ugesi), Z (imoto esizwa amandla), M (ibhethri elingenakulungiswa elivaliwe).
●I-EVF:I-EV (imoto yebhethri), F (ibhethri elingenakulungiswa elilawulwa yivalvu).
1.4 Umehluko phakathi kwevalvu elawulwayo nevaliwe
●Ibhethri elingakhathaleli elilawulwa ngamavalvu:asikho isidingo sokwengeza amanzi noma i-asidi ukuze ilungiswe, ibhethri ngokwalo liyisakhiwo esivaliwe,akukho ukuvuza kwe-asidi noma inkungu ye-asidi, ngokuphepha kwendlela eyodwai-valve yokukhipha, lapho igesi yangaphakathi idlula inani elithile, i-valve yokukhipha umoya ivuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze ikhiphe igesi.
●Ibhethri le-asidi eholayo evaliwe yokunakekelwa okuvaliwe:ibhethri lonkekufakwe ngokugcwele (ukusabela kwebhethri kabusha kusakazwa ngaphakathi kwegobolondo elivaliwe), ngakho ibhethri elingalungiswa alinawo "igesi eyingozi" echichimayo
2. Amabhethri e-Lithium
2.1 Yini Amabhethri e-Lithium?
● Amabhethri e-lithium awuhlobo lwebhethri olusebenzisayoinsimbi ye-lithium or i-lithium alloynjengezinto ezinhle/ezingezinhle ze-electrode futhi isebenzisa izixazululo ze-electrolyte ezingenamanzi.(Usawoti we-lithium kanye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo)
2.2 Ukuhlelwa Kwebhethri ye-Lithium
●Amabhethri e-lithium angahlukaniswa ngokwezigaba ezimbili: amabhethri e-lithium metal namabhethri e-lithium ion.Amabhethri e-lithium ion aphakeme kunamabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, umthamo othize, izinga lokuzikhipha ngokwawo kanye nesilinganiso sentengo yokusebenza.
● Ngenxa yezidingo zayo eziphakeme zobuchwepheshe, izinkampani kuphela emazweni ambalwa ezikhiqiza lolu hlobo lwebhethri yensimbi ye-lithium.
2.3 Ibhethri ye-Lithium Ion
| Izinto Ezinhle ze-Electrode | Amandla kagesi okuzisholo | Ukuminyana kwamandla | Cycle Life | Izindleko | Ezokuphepha | Izikhathi Zomjikelezo | Izinga Lokushisa Elivamile |
| I-Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) | 3.7V | Maphakathi | Phansi | Phezulu | Phansi | ≥500 300-500 | I-Lithium iron phosphate: -20℃~65℃ I-Ternary lithium: -20 ℃ ~ 45 ℃Amabhethri e-Ternary lithium asebenza kahle kakhulu kune-lithium iron phosphate emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kodwa awamelani namazinga okushisa aphezulu njenge-lithium iron phosphate.Nokho, lokhu kuncike ezimweni ezithile zemboni yebhethri ngayinye. |
| I-Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) | 3.6V | Phansi | Maphakathi | Phansi | Maphakathi | ≥500 800-1000 | |
| I-Lithium Nickel Oxide (LNO) | 3.6V | Phezulu | Phansi | Phezulu | Phansi | Ayikho idatha | |
| I-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) | 3.2V | Maphakathi | Phezulu | Phansi | Phezulu | 1200-1500 | |
| I-Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA) | 3.6V | Phezulu | Maphakathi | Maphakathi | Phansi | ≥500 800-1200 | |
| I-Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM) | 3.6V | Phezulu | Phezulu | Maphakathi | Phansi | ≥1000 800-1200 |
●Izinto ze-electrode ezingezinhle:I-graphite isetshenziswa kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi ye-lithium, i-lithium alloy, i-silicon-carbon negative electrode, i-oxide negative electrode materials, njll.
● Ngokuqhathanisa, i-lithium iron phosphate iyinto engabizi kakhulu ye-electrode esebenzayo.
2.4 Ukuhlukaniswa komumo webhethri ye-lithium-ion
Ibhethri ye-cylindrical lithium-ion
Ibhethri ye-Prismatic Li-ion
Ibhethri ye-lithium ion yenkinobho
Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion emise okukhethekile
Ibhethri yephakethe elithambile
● Izimo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziselwa amabhethri emoto kagesi:cylindrical futhi soft-pack
● Ibhethri ye-cylindrical lithium:
● Izinzuzo: ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, izindleko eziphansi, amandla amancane owodwa, kulula ukulawula, ukuchithwa kahle kokushisa
● Okubi:inombolo enkulu yamaphakethe ebhethri, isisindo esinzima uma kuqhathaniswa, ukuminyana kwamandla aphansi kancane
● Ibhethri ye-lithium ethambile:
● Izinzuzo: indlela yokukhiqiza ephakeme kakhulu, izacile, ilula, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukuhluka okwengeziwe lapho kwakhiwa iphakethe lebhethri
● Okubi:ukusebenza kabi kukonke kwephakethe lebhethri (ukungaguquguquki), alikwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, akulula ukulimisa libe sezingeni, izindleko eziphezulu
● Yimuphi umumo ongcono kumabhethri e-lithium?Eqinisweni, ayikho impendulo ephelele, incike kakhulu ekufuneni
● Uma ufuna izindleko eziphansi nokusebenza okuhle kukonke: cylindrical lithium battery > soft-pack lithium battery
● Uma ufuna usayizi omncane, ukukhanya, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu: ibhethri ye-lithium ethambile > ibhethri ye-lithium eyisilinda
2.5 Isakhiwo Sebhethri Lithium
● 18650: 18mm ikhombisa ububanzi bebhethri, 65mm ikhombisa ukuphakama kwebhethri, u-0 ukhombisa umumo wesilinda, njalo njalo
● Ukubalwa kwebhethri ye-lithium engu-12v20ah: Cabanga ukuthi i-voltage yegama lebhethri elingu-18650 ngu-3.7V (4.2v uma ishajwe ngokugcwele) futhi umthamo ungu-2000ah (2ah)
● Ukuze uthole i-12v, udinga amabhethri angu-3 18650 (12/3.7≈3)
● Ukuze uthole u-20ah, 20/2=10, udinga amaqembu angu-10 amabhethri, ngalinye linama-3 12V.
● Oku-3 ochungechungeni kungu-12V, u-10 ngokuhambisana ngu-20ah, okungukuthi, 12v20ah (inani lamaseli angu-30 18650 adingekayo)
● Lapho ukhipha, i-current igeleza isuka ku-electrode eyinegethivu iye ku-electrode ephozithivu
● Uma ishaja, i-current igeleza isuka ku-electrode ephozithivu iye ku-electrode eyinegethivu
3. Ukuqhathaniswa Phakathi Kwebhethri Le-Lithium, Ibhethri Le-asidi Eholayo kanye Nebhethri Ye-Graphene
| Ukuqhathanisa | Ibhethri ye-lithium | Ibhethri le-lead-acid | Ibhethri yegraphene |
| Inani | Phezulu | Phansi | Maphakathi |
| Isici sokuphepha | Phansi | Phezulu | Iphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa |
| Ivolumu nesisindo | Usayizi omncane, isisindo esincane | Usayizi omkhulu nesisindo esinzima | Ivolumu enkulu, esindayo kunebhethri le-asidi yomthofu |
| Impilo yebhethri | Phezulu | Okuvamile | Iphakeme kunebhethri le-lead-acid, iphansi kunebhethri ye-lithium |
| Ubude bempilo | 4 iminyaka (i-lithium ye-ternary: izikhathi ezingu-800-1200 i-lithium iron phosphate: izikhathi eziyi-1200-1500) | Iminyaka emi-3 (izikhathi ezingama-3-500) | Iminyaka emi-3 (> izikhathi ezingama-500) |
| Ukuphatheka | Ivumelana nezimo futhi kulula ukuyiphatha | Ayikwazi ukukhokhiswa | Ayikwazi ukukhokhiswa |
| Lungisa | Ayilungiseki | Iyalungiseka | Iyalungiseka |
● Ayikho impendulo ephelele yokuthi iyiphi ibhethri elingcono ezimotweni zikagesi.Kuncike kakhulu ekudingeni amabhethri.
● Mayelana nempilo yebhethri nempilo: ibhethri ye-lithium > i-graphene > i-asidi eholayo.
● Ngokwenani nesici sokuphepha: i-asidi eholayo > i-graphene > ibhethri ye-lithium.
● Mayelana nokuphatheka: ibhethri ye-lithium > i-asidi eholayo = i-graphene.
4. Izitifiketi Ezihlobene Nebhethri
● Ibhethri le-lead-acid: Uma ibhethri le-lead-acid lidlula ukudlidliza, umehluko wengcindezi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa elingu-55°C, lingakhululwa ekuthuthweni kwempahla okuvamile.Uma ingaphumeleli ukuhlolwa okuthathu, ihlukaniswa njengesigaba 8 sezimpahla eziyingozi (izinto ezonakalisayo)
● Izitifiketi ezijwayelekile zifaka:
●Isitifiketi Sokuthutha Okuphephile Kwempahla Yamakhemikhali(zokuthutha ngomoya/solwandle);
●I-MSDS(ISHIDI LEDATHA YOKUPHEPHA OKUSEBENZA);
● Ibhethri ye-lithium: ihlukaniswe njenge-Class 9 yokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi
● Izitifiketi ezijwayelekile zifaka: amabhethri e-lithium avamise ukuba yi-UN38.3, UN3480, UN3481 kanye ne-UN3171, isitifiketi sephakheji lempahla eyingozi, umbiko wokuhlolwa kwezimo zokuthutha impahla.
●UN38.3umbiko wokuhlola ukuphepha
●UN3480iphakethe lebhethri le-lithium-ion
●UN3481ibhethri ye-lithium-ion efakwe emishinini noma ebhethrini likagesi le-lithium nezinto zokusebenza ezipakishwe ndawonye (ikhabethe lempahla eyingozi efanayo)
●UN3171imoto esebenza ngebhethri noma izinto ezisebenza ngebhethri (ibhethri elibekwe emotweni, ikhabethe lempahla eyingozi efanayo)
5. Izinkinga zebhethri
● Amabhethri e-lead-asidi asetshenziswa isikhathi eside, futhi ukuxhumana kwensimbi ngaphakathi kwebhethri kujwayele ukuphuka, okubangela amasekhethi amafushane kanye nokusha okuzenzakalelayo.Amabhethri e-lithium aphezu kwempilo yesevisi, futhi umongo webhethri uyaguga futhi uyavuza, okungabangela kalula amasekhethi amafushane namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Amabhethri e-lead-acid
Ibhethri ye-Lithium
● Ukuguqulwa okungagunyaziwe: Abasebenzisi bashintsha isekhethi yebhethri ngaphandle kokugunyazwa, okuthinta ukusebenza kokuphepha kwesekhethi kagesi yemoto.Ukuguqulwa okungalungile kubangela ukuthi isekethe yemoto igcwale kakhulu, ilayishwe kakhulu, ifudumale, futhi ihambe kancane.
Amabhethri e-lead-acid
Ibhethri ye-Lithium
● Ukuhluleka kweshaja.Uma ishaja ishiywe emotweni isikhathi eside futhi inyakaza, kulula ukubangela ukuba ama-capacitor nama-resistors eshaja axege, okungaholela kalula ekushajweni kwebhethri.Ukuthatha ishaja engalungile nakho kungabangela ukushajwa ngokweqile.
● Amabhayisikili kagesi achayeka elangeni.Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa liphezulu futhi akufanelekile ukupaka amabhayisikili kagesi ngaphandle elangeni.Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwebhethri lizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka.Uma ushaja ibhethri ngokushesha ngemva kokufika ekhaya uphuma emsebenzini, izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwebhethri lizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka.Uma ifinyelela izinga lokushisa elibucayi, kulula ukuvutha ngokuzenzakalelayo.
● Izithuthuthu zikagesi zicwiliswa kalula emanzini phakathi nemvula enkulu.Amabhethri e-lithium awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini.Izimoto zikagesi zebhethri elineasidi yomthofu zidinga ukulungiswa endaweni yokukhanda ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini.
6. Ukugcinwa Kwansuku zonke Nokusetshenziswa Kwamabhethri nokunye
● Gwema ukushajwa ngokweqile kanye nokuchithwa ngokweqile kwebhethri
Ukushaja ngokweqile:Ngokuvamile, izinqwaba zokushaja zisetshenziselwa ukushaja eChina.Uma isishajwe ngokugcwele, ukunikezwa kwamandla kuzonqanyulwa ngokuzenzakalela.Uma ishaja ngeshaja, amandla azonqanyulwa ngokuzenzakalela uma eseshajwe ngokugcwele.Ngaphezu kwamashaja avamile angenawo umsebenzi wokuvala amandla okushaja ngokugcwele, lapho eshajwe ngokugcwele, azoqhubeka nokushaja nge-current encane, okuzothinta ukuphila isikhathi eside;
Ukukhipha ngokweqile:Ngokuvamile kuyanconywa ukushaja ibhethri uma sekusele u-20% wamandla.Ukushaja ngamandla aphansi isikhathi eside kuzodala ukuthi ibhethri libe ngaphansi kwe-voltage, futhi ingase ingashajwa.Idinga ukwenziwa isebenze futhi, futhi ingase ingavulwa.
● Gwema ukuyisebenzisa ezimweni zokushisa eziphakeme neziphansi.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lizoqinisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali futhi likhiqize ukushisa okuningi.Uma ukushisa kufinyelela inani elithile elibalulekile, kuzobangela ukuthi ibhethri ishise futhi liqhume.
● Gwema ukushaja ngokushesha, okuzodala izinguquko esakhiweni sangaphakathi nokungazinzi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibhethri izoshisa futhi ithinte impilo yebhethri.Ngokwezici zamabhethri e-lithium ahlukene, ibhethri ye-lithium manganese oxide engu-20A, esebenzisa ishaja engu-5A kanye neshaja engu-4A ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokusetshenziswa, ukusebenzisa ishaja engu-5A kuzonciphisa umjikelezo izikhathi ezingaba ngu-100.
●Uma imoto kagesi ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, zama ukuyishaja kanye ngesonto noma njalo izinsuku ezingu-15.Ibhethri le-lead-acid ngokwalo lizodla cishe u-0.5% wamandla alo nsuku zonke.Izodla ngokushesha uma ifakwe emotweni entsha.
Amabhethri e-lithium nawo azosebenzisa amandla.Uma ibhethri lingashajiwe isikhathi eside, lizoba sesimweni sokuphelelwa amandla futhi ibhethri lingase lingasebenziseki.
Ibhethri elisha sha elingakapakishwa lidinga ukushajwa kanye ngaphezu kwalokhoizinsuku eziyi-100.
●Uma ibhethri selisetshenziswe isikhathi esideisikhathi futhi inokusebenza kahle okuphansi, ibhethri le-lead-acid lingangezwa nge-electrolyte noma amanzi ngochwepheshe ukuze liqhubeke lisetshenziswe isikhathi esithile, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kunconywa ukuthi kushintshwe ibhethri elisha ngokuqondile.Ibhethri ye-lithium inokusebenza okuphansi futhi ayikwazi ukulungiswa.Kuyanconywa ukuthi umiselele ibhethri elisha ngokuqondile.
●Inkinga yokushaja: Ishaja kufanele isebenzise imodeli efanayo.I-60V ayikwazi ukushaja amabhethri angu-48V, i-lead-acid engu-60V ayikwazi ukushaja amabhethri e-lithium angu-60V, futhiamashaja e-lead-acid kanye namashaja ebhethri e-lithium awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana.
Uma isikhathi sokushaja siside kunokuvamile, kuyanconywa ukuthi ukhiphe ikhebuli yokushaja futhi uyeke ukushaja.Naka ukuthi ibhethri likhubazekile noma lonakele.
●Impilo yebhethri = i-voltage × ibhethri i-ampere × isivinini ÷ amandla emoto Le fomula ayiwafanele wonke amamodeli, ikakhulukazi amamodeli ezimoto ezinamandla amakhulu.Ihlanganiswe nedatha yokusetshenziswa yabasebenzisi abaningi besifazane, indlela imi kanje:
Ibhethri ye-lithium engu-48V, 1A = 2.5km, ibhethri ye-lithium engu-60V, 1A = 3km, ibhethri ye-lithium engu-72V, 1A = 3.5km, i-lead-acid cishe ingaphansi ngo-10% kunebhethri ye-lithium.
Ibhethri engu-48V ingagijima amakhilomitha angu-2.5 i-ampere ngayinye (48V20A 20×2.5=50 amakhilomitha)
Ibhethri engu-60V ingagijima amakhilomitha angu-3 i-ampere ngayinye (60V20A 20×3=60 amakhilomitha)
Ibhethri engu-72V ingagijima amakhilomitha angu-3.5 i-ampere ngayinye (72V20A 20×3.5=70 amakhilomitha)
●Umthamo webhethri/u-A weshaja ulingana nesikhathi sokushaja, isikhathi sokushaja = umthamo webhethri/ishaja Inombolo, isibonelo 20A/4A = amahora angu-5, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kuzohamba kancane ngemva kokushaja ku-80% (i-pulse izonciphisa okwamanje), ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ibhalwa njenge-5-6 amahora noma amahora angu-6-7 (omshwalense)
